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Tatabahasa Bahasa Inggeris (grammar)

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My first question. How to use have, has, had? One more thing, I've seen some words that has apostrophe ( ' ) and then the word d. E.g we'd. What does 'd means? Care to answer my confusion. Thank you. :)

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Kalau ikut kefahaman saya la...[b]have, has & had[/b] adalah perkataan yang digunakan dalam ayat2 present perfect dan past perfect.

Contoh, Kita nak beritahu yang kita dah makan tengahari sebentar tadi,
[present perfect]
1) I [b]have[/b]/I've already eaten lunch.
2) He/She [b]has [/b]already eaten lunch.

Had, kita guna apabila berlaku 2 peristiwa di masa lepas.
Contoh, Ayah telah keluar rumah jam 10 pagi, kawannya datang rumah jam 11.00 pagi,
1) My father [b]had [/b]left when his friend arrived.
2) When his friend arrived, my father wasn't there. He had left. (he'd left)

'd adalah contraction of [b]had[/b].

ok?

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[quote name='PowerRootTongkatAli2011' timestamp='1340983724' post='1083037']
Kalau ikut kefahaman saya la...[b]have, has & had[/b] adalah perkataan yang digunakan dalam ayat2 present perfect dan past perfect.

Contoh, Kita nak beritahu yang kita dah makan tengahari sebentar tadi,
[present perfect]
1) I [b]have[/b]/I've already eaten lunch.
2) He/She [b]has [/b]already eaten lunch.

Had, kita guna apabila berlaku 2 peristiwa di masa lepas.
Contoh, Ayah telah keluar rumah jam 10 pagi, kawannya datang rumah jam 11.00 pagi,
1) My father [b]had [/b]left when his friend arrived.
2) When his friend arrived, my father wasn't there. He had left. (he'd left)

'd adalah contraction of [b]had[/b].

ok?
[/quote]

I see. Terima kaseh. Paham sudah. Penerangan yang jelas. Like sama post kamu. :P

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2.3 Cara² menukar singular numbers kepada plural number.

 

 

e. Menukar f atau fe kepada ves.

 
Singular - Plural
 
calf - calves
half - halves
knife - knives
leaf -leaves
theif - theives
wolf - wolves
 
Sesungguhpun perkataan yang dibawah ini ditamatkan dengan huruf f, kita hanya menambahkan s untuk menjadikannya plural.
 
Singular - Plural
 
belief -beliefs
chief - chiefs
cliff - cliffs
hoof - hoofs
gulf - gulfs
mischief - mischiefs
proof - proofs

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2.3 Cara² menukar singular numbers kepada plural number.

 

 

f. Menukar huruf vokal dalam sesuatu perkataan.

 
Singular - Plural
 
foot - feet
goose - geese
man - men
woman - women
tooth teeth
oasis - oases
policeman - policemen
Englishman - Englishmen
 
Tetapi terdapat pengecualian seperti yang di bawah ini:
 
school - schools
book - books
door- doors

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2.3 Cara² menukar singular numbers kepada plural number.

 

 

 

g. Ada juga perkataan yang dapat digunakan sebagai singular atau plural.
 
Singular - Plural
 
a deer - many deer
a sheep - two sheep
a fish - many fish
a cattle - some cattle
a piece of news - some news
a set of furniture - some furniture
a piece of advice - some advice
no knowledge - plenty of knowledge
 
Perhatikan perkataan² yang di bawah ini. Perkataan² ini tidak mempunyai s pada akhirnya untuk menunjukkan "bilangan banyak".
 
a deer - seekor rusa
Many deer - banayk rusa
(Bukan many deers)
 
a sheep - seekor biri²
Many sheep - banyak biri²
(Bukan Many sheeps)
 
a fish - seekor ikan
many fish - banyak ikan
(Bukan Many fishes)
 
a set of furniture
some furniture
(Bukan Some furnitures

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